Lake Natron

Lake Natron is one of the most surreal and hauntingly beautiful landscapes in Africa. Located in the northernmost part of Tanzania near the Kenyan border, this shallow, alkaline salt lake sits at the base of Ol Doinyo Lengai, the “Mountain of God,” which is the world’s only active carbonatite volcano. The lake’s extreme salinity and high alkalinity (pH levels can exceed 10) create a harsh environment that turns the water a deep, striking crimson, patterned with white salt crusts. While lethal to most creatures, this “soda lake” is the most important breeding ground in the world for the Lesser Flamingo. It is a place of dramatic contrasts: scorched volcanic earth, vibrant red waters, and the towering silhouette of an active volcano, offering a raw and remote wilderness experience far removed from the typical safari crowds.

Climate

The climate at Lake Natron is arid and intensely hot. Located in a deep depression of the Rift Valley, it is one of the hottest places in Tanzania, with daytime temperatures frequently soaring above 40°C (104°F). The Dry Season (June to October) is the best time for hiking and volcano climbing, as the ground is stable, though the heat is unrelenting. During the Wet Season (November to May), sporadic heavy rains can cause flash floods and make the already challenging roads impassable. Regardless of the season, the evenings remain very warm, and visitors are advised to stay hydrated and protect themselves from the intense equatorial sun.

Getting There

Reaching Lake Natron is an adventure in itself. It is located about four to five hours from the town of Mto wa Mbu via a rugged, unpaved road that traverses rocky volcanic plains and sandy riverbeds. Due to the isolation and the punishing terrain, a reliable 4×4 vehicle with a high clearance and an experienced driver is mandatory. Most travelers include Lake Natron as a remote extension of their Northern Circuit safari, often traveling between the Serengeti and Lake Manyara or Ngorongoro. Because of its remoteness, there are no commercial flight options nearby, adding to the park’s exclusive and untouched atmosphere.

Attractions

Ol Doinyo Lengai: This active volcano is a sacred site for the Maasai. It is unique for erupting natrocarbonatite lava, which is much cooler and more fluid than typical silicate lava, turning white as it cools.
The Crimson Lake: The high concentration of haloarchaea (salt-loving microorganisms) gives the lake its otherworldly red and orange hues, best viewed from the air or higher elevations.
Lesser Flamingo Breeding Grounds: Over 75% of the world’s Lesser Flamingos are born here. During the breeding season, the lake is transformed into a sea of pink as millions of birds gather on the salt flats.
Engare Sero Waterfalls: A series of stunning waterfalls hidden in a deep river gorge. The cool, fresh water provides a much-needed respite from the surrounding heat.
Homid Footprints: Near the lake, researchers have discovered hundreds of ancient, fossilized human footprints preserved in volcanic mud, dating back nearly 120,000 years.

Activities

Climbing Ol Doinyo Lengai: A grueling, midnight ascent of the volcano to reach the crater rim by sunrise. It is a steep and physically demanding climb on loose volcanic ash, but the view of the glowing lava at the top is incomparable.
Flamingo Walks: Guided walks along the lake’s edge at dawn or dusk to observe the massive flocks of flamingos without disturbing their delicate environment.
River Gorge Hike: A moderate trek up the Engare Sero River, involving some wading through water, which leads to spectacular waterfalls where visitors can swim in natural pools.
Cultural Maasai Walks: This region is home to traditional Maasai communities who live in very isolated conditions. Walking with a local guide offers a deep dive into their desert survival techniques and spiritual beliefs.
Lake-View Sundowners: Watching the sunset turn the volcanic landscape into shades of purple and gold while overlooking the red waters is a highlight for photographers.